白洋 2023-06-16 00:20 广东
画家黄永玉，本名黄永裕，笔名黄杏槟、黄牛、牛夫子，祖籍湘西凤凰，土家族人。他的表叔、著名作家沈从文认为，“永裕不过是小康富裕的意思，适合一个布店老板，应改成永玉，它代表永远光泽明透”，因此以“黄永玉”行世。
张梅溪、黄永玉、黄黑蛮和沈从文
1924年8月9日（农历七月初九），黄永玉出生于湖南省常德县（今常德市鼎城区），半岁后随父母回了凤凰老家。未知黄永玉的生辰，其八字的前三柱如下：
黄永玉从14岁开始发表作品，主攻版画；16岁开始以画画及木刻谋生；后来致力于国画。
为了谋生，他年轻时做过瓷场小工、小学教员、中学教员、家众教育馆员、剧团见习美术队员、报社编辑，电影编剧等工作。
1948年，黄永玉夫妻俩来到香港。黄永玉整天干木刻，他的木刻画在香港渐渐有了名气。
1953年，黄永玉一家从香港来到北京，在中央美术学院版画科任教。
“文革”之后，黄永玉苦尽甘来，荣获“意大利国家勋章”，当上了中国美术家协会副主席，2011年成为首批中国国家画院院士。
巧的是，墨西哥裔美国画家弗兰克·马丁内斯（Frank Martínez, 全名：Francisco Alonzo Martínez），与黄永玉同年同月同日生：
弗兰克·马丁内斯的名气不如黄永玉，网上甚至找不到关于他的中文资料，下面摘录部分英文简介，供读者参考：
Martínez was born in 1924, in Los Angeles, California, to Mexican migrant farmworkers.
In his youth, he worked with his parents harvesting crops, while harboring a desire to be an artist.
In 1943, he enlisted in the United States Army and served as a unit medic in the European theatre of World War II. He participated in the Omaha Beach invasion in Normandy, France.He went on to serve in four major campaigns in Europe and received four battle stars.
Once the war ended, Martínez went to London to study at the Borough Polytechnic Institute (now London South Bank University). He returned to the U.S. in 1947 and continued his studies at the Chouinard Art Institute (now CalArts) in Los Angeles until 1951, lastly enrolling at the Otis College of Art and Design.
Never earning a degree and due to his growing family, Martínez began designing lamps for a company in Van Nuys in 1956. He worked for the company until the mid-1980s.In 1976, the Smithsonian Institution commissioned him and four other California artists to paint a mural for the United States Bicentennial celebration.He traveled to Washington, D.C., to complete his part, which depicted the early pueblo years of Los Angeles.He would go on to create large-scale murals for the 1984 Summer Olympics and Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport.One of his last works hangs in the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles. It is a layered mural of early 18th century life, mission-building and Catholic faith in California.
Martínez’s work over the years was characterized by constant evolution. His works became a regular feature at numerous shows and exhibitions. His works are part of many private and corporate collections, including The Smithsonian Institution, University of Southern California, and the Southern California Gas Company. His works were collected and became part of many private collections such as that of Vidal Sassoon and the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles.
Shortly after returning to the U.S. in 1947, Martínez met and married Esther Silva.They had a daughter and four sons, two of which preceded him in death.
Late in life, Martínez was diagnosed with diabetes and Parkinson’s disease.However, he did not let either disrupt his work. He developed ways to use the Parkinson’s to his advantage by drawing sketches directly on the canvas, rather than in a book.
On August 17, 2013, Martínez, aged 89, died at Northridge Hospital Medical Center in Los Angeles of complications from diabetes and renal disease.
相似之处：
1、他们都没有文凭（学位）。弗兰克·马丁内斯曾经入读多所艺术学校，但“Never earning a degree”；黄永玉甚至连初中都没有读完。
2、他们都是一婚到头、儿女双全之命。
1946年，黄永玉和张梅溪结婚，儿子黄黑蛮、女儿黄黑妮凑齐了一个“好”字。
1947年，弗兰克·马丁内斯与Esther Silva结婚，婚后生了一个女儿、四个儿子。
3、他们的创作高峰都在1970-80年代。
In 1976, the Smithsonian Institution commissioned him and four other California artists to paint a mural for the United States Bicentennial celebration.He traveled to Washington, D.C., to complete his part, which depicted the early pueblo years of Los Angeles.
He would go on to create large-scale murals for the 1984 Summer Olympics and Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport.
1978年，英国《泰晤士报》用六个版面，专题报道黄永玉其人其画；1980年，中国第一枚生肖邮票“猴票”出自黄永玉之手，酒鬼酒瓶更创下了国内包装设计费之最，从此名利滚滚而来。
4、他们都很长寿。弗兰克·马丁内斯死于2013年，活了89岁；2023年6月13日3时43分，黄永玉逝世，享年99岁。
区别是：
1、弗兰克·马丁内斯的父母是移民美国的墨西哥农民。
黄永玉出生于书香世家，祖上是“拔贡”（科举时代，挑选生员/秀才入京师的国子监读书，称为贡生；拔贡每十二年选拔一次，逢鸡年举行），负责“文庙”事宜；他的父亲是当地男子小学的校长，母亲是当地女子小学的校长。
2、二战期间，弗兰克·马丁内斯应召入伍，在美国陆军当医护人员，参加过诺曼底战役。
1937年，黄永玉入读福建厦门集美学校。抗日战争全面爆发之后，天下虽大，也容不下一张书桌了。黄永玉跑遍了大半个中国，直到1945年日军投降，才结束了整整8年的流浪岁月。
在那个动荡的年代，黄永玉没有参军，他到处漂泊，认识了很多朋友。17岁那年，黄永玉流落到了泉州，去了开元寺，巧遇弘一法师（李叔同）。弘一法师临终前留给黄永玉一张条幅：“不为众生求安乐，但愿世人得离苦”。
弘一法师圆寂后，黄永玉流浪到了江西，在那里遇到了他的一生挚爱张梅溪。
黄永玉在《音乐外行札记》中回忆当年追求妻子的故事：“我年轻时节衣缩食，在福州仓前山百货店买了一把法国小号，逃难到哪里都带着。刻完了木刻就吹吹号，冀得自我士气鼓舞。那时我刚刚认识第一个女朋友，远远地看到她走近，我就在楼上窗口吹号欢迎。”
3、弗兰克·马丁内斯立过军功（received four battle stars），但既无大功，亦无大过，平平淡淡过一生。
黄永玉这一辈子风波不断，经历多次“政治洗礼”，他感叹自己“生不逢时”，同时，他也坚信“大难不死，必有后福”这句话。
“文革”中，黄永玉的画作被当成“反面教材”展出，因画了只睁一只眼闭一只眼的猫头鹰而遭江青点名批判。
4、弗兰克·马丁内斯是一个“painter”；而黄永玉主攻版画，曾靠木刻谋生，成名作《阿诗玛》引起轰动，精于篆刻（但他极少为人制作印章），更接近“sculptor”。